View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could result in memory corruption, a device crash, or a potential remote attack vector without the originating device receiving a CIP error indicating that the request could not be processed. The following versions of Pyramid Solutions NetStaX EtherNet/IP Stack are affected: EtherNet/IP Adapter DLL Kit (EIPA) EtherNet/IP Adapter DLL Kit with CIP Security (EIPA-SECURE) EtherNet/IP Adapter Development Kit (EADK) EtherNet/IP Adapter…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to perform remote code execution on the computer running the client with elevated privileges. The following versions of IXON VPN Client are affected: VPN Client <1.4.7 (CVE-2026-75925) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 9.6 IXON IXON VPN Client Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences ('CRLF Injection') Background Critical Infrastructure Sectors: Commercial Facilities, Critical Manufacturing, Energy,…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could result in a loss of webserver availability or allow an attacker to inject malicious scripts that will be executed when other users access the affected page. The following versions of Rockwell Automation ArmorStart LT are affected: ArmorStart LT <=v2.001 (CVE-2026-19471, CVE-2026-19472) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 7.5 Rockwell Automation Rockwell Automation ArmorStart LT Improper Neutralization of Input During…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could give an attacker the ability to run any commands or code of the attacker's choice on a target machine at the logged-in user's permission level. The following versions of Rockwell Automation ControlFLASH are affected: ControlFLASH <=V15.07 (CVE-2026-12663) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 7.3 Rockwell Automation Rockwell Automation ControlFLASH Missing Authentication for Critical Function Background Critical…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow for an attacker to perform a man-in-the-middle (MitM) attack, cause a factory reset, wipe credentials, or retrieve sensitive information. The following versions of Tycon Systems TPDIN-Monitor-WEB3 are affected: TPDIN-Monitor-WEB3 <=2.2.9 (CVE-2026-77847, CVE-2026-82712, CVE-2026-82684) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 8.8 Tycon Systems Tycon Systems TPDIN-Monitor-WEB3 Use of Hard-coded Credentials, Cross-Site…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to take control of a high-privilege terminal during installation and run arbitrary commands. The following versions of OPCFoundation OPC UA LocalDiscoveryServer (LDS) are affected: UA-LDS-Installers <1.04.420 (CVE-2026-77477) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 4.6 OPCFoundation OPCFoundation OPC UA LocalDiscoveryServer (LDS) Execution with Unnecessary Privileges Background Critical Infrastructure…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow any authenticated user to create projects. The following versions of Inductive Automation Ignition are affected: Ignition <=8.1.53 (CVE-2026-77393) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 8.8 Inductive Automation Inductive Automation Ignition Incorrect Default Permissions Background Critical Infrastructure Sectors: Critical Manufacturing, Energy, Information Technology Countries/Areas Deployed: Worldwide Company…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could result in an attacker accessing sensitive credentials, disrupting connected infrastructure, or manipulating physical equipment, which could present a physical safety risk. The following versions of Tycon Systems TPDIN-Monitor-WEB2 (Update A) are affected: TPDIN-Monitor-WEB2 <2.4.5 (CVE-2026-61884, CVE-2026-55985) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 9.8 Tycon Systems Tycon Systems TPDIN-Monitor-WEB2 Missing…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could crash the module. The device requires a restart to recover. The following versions of Rockwell Automation 1756-ENBT Module are affected: 1756-ENBT module vers:all/* (CVE-2025-10478) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 7.5 Rockwell Automation Rockwell Automation 1756-ENBT Module Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions Background Critical Infrastructure Sectors: Critical Manufacturing, Food and Agriculture,…
Classification: Severe, Solution: Official Fix, Exploit Maturity: Not Defined, CVSSv3.0: 8.6, CVEs: CVE-2026-9621, CVE-2026-9622, CVE-2026-9624, CVE-2026-9625, CVE-2026-9633, CVE-2026-9634, CVE-2026-9637, CVE-2026-16675, Summary: Rockwell Automation FactoryTalk Activation Manager Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to cause a denial-of-service condition on the affected product. The following versions of Rockwell Automation RSLinx Classic are affected: RSLinx…
Serial Number: AV26-871Date: September 2, 2026 As of September 1, 2026, Schneider Electric is affected by vulnerabilities in the following products: NetBotz 5 - 750/755 Versions prior to or equal to 5.5.2 PowerChute Serial Shutdown Versions prior to or equal to 1.5 The Cyber Centre encourages users and administrators to review the provided web links, perform the suggested mitigations and apply the necessary updates. Multiple Vulnerabilities on NetBotz 5 - 750/755 Products Improper Restriction…
In this article Attack chain overviewCampaign scope and targetingMitigation and protection guidanceReferencesLearn more Microsoft Defender Experts is tracking an active malware campaign that uses counterfeit software-download websites to impersonate trusted vendors and distribute malicious installers. The campaign has targeted users looking to download popular software and has resulted in compromises across multiple organizations and industries, primarily affecting China-based operations of…
Serial number: AV26-869Date: September 1, 2026 As of September 1, 2026, Rockwell Automation is affected by vulnerabilities in the following products: 1756-ENBT Module All versions ArmorStart LT Prior to or equal to v2.001 CompactLogix 5380 / ControlLogix 5580 Prior to or equal to V33 V34.011 to V34.014 V35.011 to V35.013 V36.011 to V36.012 RSLinx Classic Prior to or equal to V4.50 The Cyber Centre encourages users and administrators to review the provided web links and apply any necessary…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow for an attacker to escalate and execute processes with administrator privileges. The following versions of Rockwell Automation Redundancy Module Configuration Tool are affected: Redundancy Module Configuration Tool 10.00.00 (CVE-2026-9633) Redundancy Module Configuration Tool >=9.00.00|<=10.00.00 (CVE-2026-9634) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 7.3 Rockwell Automation Rockwell Automation Redundancy Module…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could crash the device being accessed; an out-of-bounds write condition may allow remote code execution. The following versions of Rockwell Automation Historian ME are affected: Series B 5.202 (CVE-2025-12768, CVE-2026-12661) Series C 7.101 (CVE-2025-12768, CVE-2026-12661) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 8 Rockwell Automation Rockwell Automation Historian ME Out-of-bounds Write, Stack-based Buffer Overflow Background…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to cause a denial-of-service condition on the affected product. The following versions of Rockwell Automation RSLinx Classic are affected: RSLinx Classic <=4.50 (CVE-2026-9621, CVE-2026-9622, CVE-2026-9624, CVE-2026-9625) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 8.6 Rockwell Automation Rockwell Automation RSLinx Classic Integer Overflow or Wraparound, Integer Underflow (Wrap or Wraparound), Buffer Copy…
Serial Number: AV26-864Date: August 31, 2026 As of August 27, 2026, Siemens is affected by a vulnerability in the following products: Element maps-ng V47 Prior to V47.12.3 Element maps-ng V48 Prior to V48.11.3 Element maps-ng V49 Prior to V49.16.1 The Cyber Centre encourages users and administrators to review the provided web links and apply any necessary updates as they become available. SSA-682041 CERT Services | Siemens
Serial Number: AV26-856Date: August 28, 2026 As of August 25, 2026, National Instruments is affected by vulnerabilities in the following product: LabVIEW Prior to 23.0.0 Prior to 23.3.10 Prior to 24.3.7 Prior to 25.3.5 Prior to 26.3.1 The Cyber Centre encourages users and administrators to review the provided web links and apply any necessary updates as they become available. Memory Corruption Vulnerabilities in NI LabVIEW - NI Integer Conversion Vulnerability Resulting in an Out of Bounds Read…
Overview On August 27, 2026, PaperCut Software published an urgent security advisory stating that it is investigating active exploitation of a vulnerability affecting PaperCut NG and PaperCut MF. PaperCut has confirmed customer incidents and is treating the issue as a security emergency. At the time of writing, the vulnerability has not been assigned a CVE identifier, and PaperCut has not publicly disclosed a CVSS score, vulnerability class, authentication requirements, or the technical details…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to cause an out-of-bounds read, resulting in a denial-of-service condition in the affected products. The following versions of Mitsubishi Electric CNC Series (Update A) are affected: Mitsubishi Electric M800VW (BND-2051W000) <=BB (CVE-2025-2399) Mitsubishi Electric M800VS (BND-2052W000) <=BB (CVE-2025-2399) Mitsubishi Electric M80V (BND-2053W000) <=BB (CVE-2025-2399) Mitsubishi Electric M80VW (BND…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could reduce the computational cost required for an attacker to perform offline brute-force attacks against stored password hashes. The following versions of Rockwell Automation OTTO Fleet Manager are affected: OTTO Fleet Manager <=V2.36.2 (CVE-2026-75112) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 6.8 Rockwell Automation Rockwell Automation OTTO Fleet Manager Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort Background…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands or code remotely on affected systems. The following versions of All-Line Equipment Company Fuel-Boss are affected: Fuel-Boss V1 Standard >=|<=PHP_7.1.5_7.1.5 (CVE-2018-19518, CVE-2019-11043) Fuel-Boss V1 Portal >=|<=PHP_7.1.5_7.1.5 (CVE-2018-19518, CVE-2019-11043) Fuel-Boss V1 Master/Slave >=|<=PHP_7.1.5_7.1.5 (CVE-2018-19518, CVE-2019-11043) Fuel-Boss V1 Backflush Systems >=|<…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to read or write arbitrary local files, cause the application to issue outbound network requests, or intercept the connection to impersonate the trusted peer, complete the TLS handshake, and read or modify the protected communications. The following versions of Applied Systems Engineering ASE2000 V2 Communications Test Set are affected: ASE2000 >=2.25|<=2.37 (CVE-2018-1285, CVE-2026-18717) CVSS Vendor…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote attacker to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition, a timeout error, or a communication delay by sending a specially crafted UDP packet to the product. The following versions of Mitsubishi Electric Multiple FA Products (Update D) are affected: Mitsubishi Electric CC-Link IE TSN Remote I/O module NZ2GN2S1-32D <=09 (CVE-2025-3511) Mitsubishi Electric CC-Link IE TSN Remote I/O module NZ2GN2S1-32T <=09 (CVE-2025…
All threats In Q2 2026, the percentage of ICS computers on which malicious objects were blocked continued to decrease, falling to 19.15%, its lowest level since 2022. Percentage of ICS computers on which malicious objects were blocked, Q3 2023–Q2 2026 Regionally, the percentages ranged from 8.1% in Northern Europe to 27.9% in Africa. Regions ranked by percentage of attacked ICS computers The figures increased in five regions over the quarter, most notably in East Asia (by 2.0 pp) and Africa (by…
Classification: Severe, Solution: Official Fix, Exploit Maturity: Not Defined, CVSSv3.1: 9.3, CVEs: CVE-2026-15203, Summary: Improper access control in debug and engineering interfaces in Danfoss iC7-Automation SP, iC7-Marine, and iC7-Hybrid GR3 allows attackers to gain read/write access to internal values, upload and execute unsigned applications, and upload unsigned EEPROM data and firmware via exposed service interfaces and software update mechanism
Národné centrum kybernetickej bezpečnosti (NCKB) NBÚ upozorňuje na nebezpečenstvo prevádzkovania programovateľných logických radičov (ďalej ako „PLC“) voľne dostupných z verejného internetu. PLC nie je zariadenie, ktoré má byť priamo dostupné z verejného internetu. Programovateľné logické radiče hrajú kľúčovú úlohu takmer vo všetkých odvetviach priemyslu. Ich vystavenie do verejného internetu môže viesť k ohrozeniu útočníkmi s... The post PLC na internete: aktuálne riziko aj pre kritickú…
View CSAF Summary SIMATIC IoT2050 Advanced devices running Industrial OS with Node-RED installed contain a missing authentication vulnerability in the Node-RED HTTP interface that could allow an unauthenticated remote attacker to create malicious flows and execute arbitrary code on the underlying server with maximum privileges. Siemens has released a new version for SIMATIC IoT2050 Advanced and strongly recommends to update to the latest version. The following versions of Siemens SIMATIC…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to gain unauthorized administrative access, disclose sensitive information, modify device configuration, hijack authenticated sessions, and disrupt device operation. The following versions of Ebyte NE2-D11 are affected: NE2-D11 Firmware FW-9167-0-11 CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 9.8 Ebyte Ebyte NE2-D11 Missing Authentication for Critical Function, Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information…
For the latest discoveries in cyber research for the week of 24th August, please download our Threat Intelligence Bulletin. TOP ATTACKS AND BREACHES Latvia’s Road Traffic Safety Directorate (CSDD) has confirmed a breach affecting payment records of more than 1.2 million people – roughly two-thirds of the country’s population – as well as 200,000 organizations. The stolen data included identification numbers, license plates, payment amounts, dates and addresses. Attackers reportedly exploited a…
Classification: Important, Solution: Official Fix, Exploit Maturity: Not Defined, CVSSv3.1: 5.3, CVEs: CVE-2026-27875, Summary: CISA released one Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Advisory. This advisory provides timely information about current security issues, vulnerabilities, and exploits surrounding ICS. ICSA-26-232-01 Johnson Controls Simplex Incident Manager
A joint cybersecurity advisory released by multiple U.S. government agencies warns that threat actors are using AI-generated exploitation scripts to target exposed Siemens S7 Series PLCs across critical infrastructure sectors.Key TakeawaysUnattributed threat actors are exploiting known weaknesses and unnecessary internet exposure to conduct reconnaissance and possible pre-positioning for future disruptive attacks against Siemens S7 Series PLCs.The attackers are leveraging AI to build and refine…
The National Security Agency (NSA), FBI and other federal agencies said the campaign is targeting Siemens S7 Series PLCs and was being fueled by “AI-assisted development” alongside exploitation of known vulnerabilities.
U.S. cybersecurity agencies warn that threat actors are using AI-generated scripts to exploit Siemens S7 Series programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in U.S. critical infrastructure. [...]
Executive summary Note: This advisory relates to an active threat to Siemens S7 Series programmable logic controllers (PLCs). However, ongoing PLC targeting activity is broader than Siemens PLCs. All PLC owners and operators should apply relevant mitigations to reduce the risk to their devices and systems. The Siemens-specific content in this advisory should be understood and applied as one subset of the wider threat landscape. Top Mitigations Inventory all Siemens S7 Series programmable logic…
Classification: Important, Solution: Official Fix, Exploit Maturity: Not Defined, CVSSv3.1: 8.8, CVEs: CVE-2026-63133, CVE-2026-63134, CVE-2026-55676, CVE-2026-63177, CVE-2026-19670, CVE-2026-19671, CVE-2026-59086, Summary: CISA released two Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Advisories. These advisories provide timely information about current security issues, vulnerabilities, and exploits surrounding ICS. ICSA-26-230-01 CISA Malcolm ICSA-26-230-02 Siemens Simcenter Nastran
A custom Java web shell likely linked to the Clop ransomware gang was designed specifically for PTC Windchill and FlexPLM servers, with built-in features to decrypt credentials, enumerate file repositories, and steal files. [...]
You can’t patch everything. So what do you fix first? Findings in Q2 2026 have changed traditional answers.The latest Quarterly Threat Landscape Report from Rapid7 Labs shows vulnerability disclosures still surging while attackers use automation and AI-assisted tooling to compress the time between disclosure and exploitation. The gap that patch cycles were built to fill is closing. Speed and volume are overwhelming security teams that have relied on traditional patch cycles and reactive…
View CSAF Summary Simcenter Nastran is affected by a stack overflow vulnerability that could be triggered when an application binary reads arbitrary string as a file argument. If a user is tricked to run one of the impacted application binary with a malicious string, an attacker could leverage the vulnerability to perform remote code execution in the context of the current process. Siemens has released new versions for the affected products and recommends to update to the latest versions. The…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may allow an attacker to inject and execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges. The following versions of Haiwell IoT Cloud HMI Gateway are affected: Haiwell IoT Cloud HMI Gateway 3.40.1.12 (CVE-2026-19188) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 10 Haiwell Haiwell IoT Cloud HMI Gateway Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') Background Critical Infrastructure Sectors:…
View CSAF Summary Simcenter Femap contains two file parsing vulnerabilities that could be triggered when the application reads files in BMP file format. If a user is tricked to open a malicious file with the affected application, this could lead the application to crash or potentially lead to arbitrary code execution. Siemens has released a new version for Simcenter Femap and recommends to update to the latest version. The following versions of Siemens Simcenter Femap are affected: Simcenter…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an attacker to tamper with serialized data, potentially resulting in code execution during deserialization. The following versions of AVEVA Enterprise SCADA are affected: Enterprise SCADA 2025 (CVE-2025-7639) Enterprise SCADA >=2024|<=2024_SP1_P01 (CVE-2025-7639) Enterprise SCADA >=2023|<=2023_SP1 (CVE-2025-7639) Enterprise SCADA >=2022|<=2022_SP2_P2 (CVE-2025-7639) Enterprise SCADA <=2021_SP2_P5 (CVE-2025-7639)…
View CSAF Summary Solid Edge is affected by multiple file parsing vulnerabilities that could be triggered when the application reads specially crafted files in PAR, PSM or DFT format. This could allow an attacker to crash the application or execute arbitrary code. Siemens has released new versions for the affected products and recommends to update to the latest versions. The following versions of Siemens Solid Edge are affected: Solid Edge SE2025 vers:intdot/<225.0.15 (CVE-2026-50058, CVE-2026…
View CSAF Summary Siemens LOGO! Soft Comfort contains multiple vulnerabilities in its project-file encryption and password handling mechanisms. A local attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities to extract the master key, allowing them to decrypt project data or remove project passwords. The lack of password salting enables offline dictionary or brute-force attacks against the password hashes. Successful exploitation could result in unauthorized access to, or modification of, sensitive…
View CSAF Summary Siveillance Video Management Servers contains a vulnerability that could allow a Remote Code Execution attack. Siemens has released new versions for the affected products and recommends to update to the latest versions. The following versions of Siemens Siveillance Video are affected: Siveillance Video V2023 R3 vers:intdot/<23.3.27 (CVE-2026-3014) Siveillance Video V2024 R1 vers:intdot/<24.1.16 (CVE-2026-3014) Siveillance Video V2025 vers:intdot/<25.1.15 (CVE-2026-3014) CVSS…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a low-privilege user or attacker to inject a persistent malicious payload via a crafted URL that executes in the context of other users' sessions, including administrators, potentially leading to session hijacking and unauthorized access. The following versions of Johnson Controls Metasys are affected: Metasys 12 vers:all/* (CVE-2026-34491) Metasys 13 vers:all/* (CVE-2026-34491) Metasys 14 Metasys 15 CVSS Vendor…
View CSAF Summary Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to decrypt sensitive data, bypass authentication controls, gaining unauthorized access to read arbitrary files on the system, or gain unauthorized access to protected system resources. The following versions of Johnson Controls Inc. Airwall are affected: Airwall <=4.0.4 (CVE-2026-64887, CVE-2026-34492) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 6.8 Johnson Controls Inc. Johnson Controls Inc. Airwall Use of…
View CSAF Summary A vulnerability in Desigo DXR and PXC controllers has been identified that could allow an attacker to cause denial of service conditions by sending malformed BACnet packets. Recovery requires a device reset or reboot to restore normal functionality. Siemens has released new versions for the affected products and recommends to update to the latest versions. The following versions of Siemens Desigo DXR and PXC Controllers are affected: Desigo DXR2 vers:intdot/<01.21.233.16-7862 …
View CSAF Summary Parasolid is affected by an out of bounds read vulnerability that could be triggered when the application reads files in X_T format. This could allow an attacker to crash the application or execute arbitrary code. Siemens has released new versions for the affected products and recommends to update to the latest versions. The following versions of Siemens Parasolid are affected: Parasolid V38.0 vers:intdot/<38.0.235 (CVE-2026-64629) Parasolid V38.1 vers:intdot/<38.1.230 (CVE…
Serial number: AV26-811Date: August 12, 2026 As of August 12, 2026, Phoenix Contact is affected by vulnerabilities in the following products: AXC F 1152 Prior to 2026.0.3 AXC F 1252 Prior to 2026.0.3 AXC F 2000 EA Prior to 2026.0.3 AXC F 2152 Prior to 2026.0.3 AXC F 3152 Prior to 2026.0.3 BPC 9102S Prior to 2026.0.3 BPC 9202S Prior to 2026.0.3 Catan C1 Prior to 2026.0.3 EPC 1502 Prior to 2026.0.3 EPC 1522 Prior to 2026.0.3 RFC 4072R Prior to 2026.0.3 RFC 4072S Prior to 2026.0.3 VL3 UPC 2440…
View CSAF Summary Fortinet has published information on vulnerabilities in FortiOS. This advisory lists the related Siemens Industrial products. Siemens recommends to contact customer support for additional information, and follow Fortinet advisory for workarounds and mitigation measures. The following versions of Siemens RUGGEDCOM APE1808 are affected: RUGGEDCOM APE1808 vers:all/* (CVE-2026-23573, CVE-2026-59839) CVSS Vendor Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 6.1 Siemens Siemens RUGGEDCOM APE1808…
Serial Number: AV26-802Date: August 11, 2026 As of August 11, 2026, Siemens is affected by vulnerabilities in the following products: Desigo DXR2 Prior to V01.21.233.16-7862 Desigo PXC3 Prior to V01.21.233.16-7862 Desigo PXC4 Prior to V02.21.194.36-2715 Desigo PXC5.E003 Prior to V02.21.194.36-2715 Desigo PXC5.E24 Prior to V02.21.194.36-2715 Desigo PXC7 Prior to V02.21.194.36-2715 LOGO! Soft Comfort Prior to V9 Parasolid V38.0 Prior to V38.0.235 Parasolid V38.1 Prior to V38.1.230 SIMATIC IoT2050…
Siemens ha rilasciato aggiornamenti di sicurezza per sanare molteplici vulnerabilità nei propri prodotti, di cui 1 con gravità “critica” e 13 con gravità “alta”. Tali vulnerabilità, qualora sfruttate, potrebbero consentire ad un utente malintenzionato di eseguire codice arbitrario e di leggere file arbitrari sul filesystem dei sistemi interessati.
Overview of the attack In July 2026, Kaspersky experts detected a new attack by the Head Mare group. Previously, we classified them as hacktivists, but now we define them as an APT group due to the sophistication of their TTPs and the absence of destructive activity (encryption, wiping) in the targeted infrastructures. In this latest campaign, the attackers exploited a chain of vulnerabilities in the TrueConf video conferencing server and replaced the original TrueConf client installers with…